M.B.B.S 

MBBS stands for Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery. An MBBS is the first step on the path to practicing medicine. It also allows for further specialization in fields such as cardiology, neurology, nephrology etc.  

Entrance Exam: UGC NEET. 

Duration: ~5 years inclusive of 1 year internship. 

Fees: INR ~6 lakhs to 40 lakhs. 

B.Sc Nursing 

 Nursing is a vital part of our healthcare system. Nurses aid ailing patients, dispense medicine, operate medical equipment, and maintain patient records. 

Entrance Exam: AIIMS Nursing, AFMC Nursing 

Duration: Varies widely. 

Fees: ~INR 1 lakh to 3 lakhs. 

B.D.S :

 BDS stands for Bachelor of Dental Surgery. BDS focusses on the study of dental organs and dental surgery, ultimately leading on the path to becoming a dentist. 

Entrance Exam: UGC NEET 

Duration: ~5 years 

Fees: INR ~5 lakhs to 25 lakhs. 

B.H.M.S:

 This stands for Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery. BHMS involves learning how to treat the human body with Ayurveda (which involves healing with herbs, plants, and minerals). 

Entrance Exam: NEET, CET, EAMCET 

Duration: ~6 years 

Fees: ~INR 4 lakhs to 10 lakhs. 

B.V.Sc :

 B.V.Sc stands for Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences. This is a great option for those who love animals and wish to pursue medicinal science for curing diseases and caring for animals. 

Entrance Exam: NEET, AAU VET, AIPVT

Duration: ~5.5 years

Fees: ~INR 1.5 Lakhs to 10 lakhs. 

B.Pharma :

This stands for Bachelor’s of Pharmacy. Students looking to become pharmacists, start their own pharmacies, and are interested to study chemicals, drugs, and medicine can opt for this degree. 

Entrance Exam: NEET, TS EAMCET, MHTCET, BVPCET

Duration: ~5 years

Fees: ~INR 5 lakhs to 15 lakhs. 

BMLT:

Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology is a medical field wherein students learn to and are involved in diagnosis, detection and treatment of diseases and ailments by using medical technology and instruments used in labs, hospitals, and medical centers. Some of these instruments include MRIs, CT Scan equipment, Ultrasound Equipment etc. 

Entrance Exam: AIIMS Paramedical, JIPMER paramedical, PGIMER paramedical. 

Duration: ~3 years. 

Fees: ~INR 1 lakhs to 5 lakhs. 

Other courses include: 

• B.Optom – Bachelor of Optometry
• BOT – Bachelor of Occupational Therapy 
• BPT – Bachelor of Physical Therapy 

• USA 
• The United Kingdom 
• Netherlands
• Canada
• Germany 
• Sweden 
• Australia 
• Singapore 

These are some of the best countries to pursue medicine in due to their highly ranked medical programs and highly-developed medical industry in the same. There are other countries where you can thrive depending on your chosen medical field and passion, but for almost all medicine and nursing related courses, the aforementioned countries are your best bet.

We’ve put together a list of top 16 universities in India based on the National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF).

The following 10 universities have been ranked as the top 10 in the world for medical courses under the QS Rankings 2021

Let us now explore the stream of Engineering as a course after 12th Science in India the same way we did for Medicine.

Almost all of us are familiar with the concept of engineering, and what it means to pursue it in our country. It is hard to put a pin on what engineering means precisely, due to the vast number of specializations within engineering itself, but it suffices to say that it involves the study and application of scientific principles to build something using technology. Various fields of engineering focus on a certain area of study such as electrical engineering, nuclear engineering, computer engineering etc, each with their own body of sciences and concepts. Engineering involves applied mathematics and sciences, and invention, design, devices, systems, maintenance, and improvement. In order to pursue an engineering degree, students will need to take the PCM route in 11th and 12th.

 JEE Mains, JEE Advanced. These are sufficient for applying to almost all the engineering courses in government and private colleges in  India, including the top universities such as the NITs and IITs. Certain states conduct their own entrance exams for engineering courses as well.    

B.Tech/B.E Computer Engineering/Science :

 Computer Engineering and Science is the study of computers and computational systems, dealing with software, algorithms, programming, security, networks, analysis and much more. The applications of Computer Science range far and wide, with webs in fintech, software engineering, biotech, design, social media, hardware, networks etc. They are practically applicable to most spheres of life, and have taken humankind to heights and depths previously unfathomable.

Entrance Exam: JEE Mains, JEE Advanced.

Duration: 4 years 

Fees: ~INR 50k to 10 lakhs. 

Top Universities in India: 

• Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (IISB)

• Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-Delhi)

• IIT – Kharagpur 

• IIT – Madras

B.Tech/B.E Information Technology:

 This specialization is very similar to computer engineering and sciences, but is more focussed on the design, research, and testing of computer networks, programming, and software. 

Entrance Exam: JEE Mains, JEE Advanced.

Duration: 4 years 

Fees: ~INR 50k to 7 lakhs. 

Top Universities in India: 

• Indian Institute of Information Technology, Ahmedabad 

• Birla Institute of Technology, Patna 

• NIT, Surathkal

• Manipal Institute of Technology

• IIT – Delhi

B.Tech/B.E Electronics and Communication:

This field is for those interested in the research, design and development of electronic equipment such as computers, TVs, mobiles, radios, and other devices. 

Entrance Exam: JEE Mains, JEE Advanced.

Duration: 4 years 

Fees: ~INR 50k to 5 lakhs. 

Top Universities in India: 

• IIT – Roorkee

• National Institute of Technology – Trichy (NIT) 

• NIT – Surathkal 

• IIT – Guwahati

B.Tech/B.E Biomedical Engineering:

 Biomedical Engineering involves the application of  scientific and engineering principles to research and solve medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare problems. is a vast field, dabbling in nanotechnology, bioinformatics, designing medical devices and more. It has seen numerous pioneers who’ve developed advanced medical tech, and offers exciting prospects in the future. In a pandemic-riddled world, the importance of biomedical engineering and biotech has risen at a staggering rate.

Entrance Exam: JEE Mains, JEE Advanced.

Duration: 4 years 

Fees: ~INR 5 lakhs – 10 lakhs

Top Universities in India: 

• IIT Madras

• IIT Delhi 

• IIT Bombay

• IIT Kharagpur 

• VIT Vellore 

• SRM Institute of Science and Technology – Chennai

B.E/B.Tech Civil Engineering:

 Civil Engineering involves specializations such as construction, architectural, hydraulic, structural, highway, geotechnical, and transportation engineering. Civil Engineers conduct environmental assessments, obtain permits, create blueprints, select materials and ensure the smooth completion of the project. 

Essentially, they make the use of scientific concepts to build, improve and maintain infrastructure and utilities that are vital for basic human needs. Think water, electricity, roads, airports, towers, and bridges. This is always going to be crucial for humans, which is why Civil Engineers are in demand. 

Entrance Exam: JEE Mains, JEE Advanced.

Duration: 4 years 

Fees: ~INR 3 lakhs – 15 lakhs

Top Universities in India: 

• IIT Madras

• IIT Bombay 

• VIT Vellore 

• SRM Institute of Science and Technology – Chennai

• College of Engineering, Pune 

B.Tech/B.E Electrical Engineering:

 Electro Sciences involve the implementation, creation and supervision of the process of setting up electrical systems. They are frequently required by R&D firms, utility companies, electronic equipment manufacturers, researchers, business firms, and telecom companies. At least 7 of the world’s top 20 MS in Computer Science programs, are taught alongside Electrical Engineering. Think of the hardware and software synergistically creating something new every year, and the minds behind it. Electrical Engineering involves a strong understanding of mathematics, engineering and scientific applications of electroscience.

The applications for Electrical Engineering can also be extended to (apart from the above) city grids, nanotechnology, electromagnetic studies, photonics, optical communications, antenna networks, and physics. Furthermore, with the advent of climate change and a desperate call for action, the need to use alternate energy sources that are renewable has never been more vital. Solar and wind energy engineers, pioneers and researchers have a strong base in electrical engineering. Solar cells are a lot more efficient and cost-effective now than they were 5 years ago even. 

Entrance Exam: JEE Mains, JEE Advanced.

Duration: 4 years 

Fees: ~INR 4 lakhs – 16 lakhs

Top Universities in India: 

• IIT Madras

• IIT Delhi 

• IIT Bombay

• College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai

• National Institute of Technology, Calicut 

• SRM Institute of Science and Technology – Chennai

Other courses include – 

• B.Tech/B.E Aerospace Engineering 

• B.Tech/B.E Chemical Engineering 

• B.Tech/ B.E Mechanical Engineering.

As we’re already aware by now, the scope of engineering is vast and multi-faceted. There are myriad career pathways and specializations you can choose. It suffices to say that engineering involves the study and application of scientific principles to build something using technology. Various fields of engineering focus on a certain area of study such as electrical engineering, nuclear engineering, computer engineering etc, each with their own body of sciences and concepts. Engineering involves applied mathematics and sciences, and invention, design, devices, systems, maintenance, and improvement.

Plenty of engineers go abroad for their Master’s degrees in order to pursue better opportunities, quality of knowledge, and better prospects. This is something you may want to think about during your second year of UG. In our country, similar opportunities are offered at top IITs and NITs, so it ultimately boils down to your aspirations. 

Note: The scope, quality of education, and salary potential of whichever degree you choose to pursue within the engineering field will vary widely depending on the country you are studying the degree in, your education level (Master’s and PhD over UG), your specialization itself, and your level of commitment to the same. We cannot stress this enough. This remains true for most of the degrees in this article. 

Let us look at the average salaries for some of the top jobs after a UG degree in the Engineering Stream. Note that average salaries for many of the following jobs are much higher abroad than in our country. Also note that pursuing a Master’s degree in these fields after your UG can brighten your prospects everywhere. 

Average Salaries in India for Top Jobs after a UG Degree in the Engineering Stream – 

• USA
• Germany 
• Australia 
• UK
• Singapore 
• Canada
• Switzerland 

There are other countries where you can thrive depending on your chosen engineering field and passion, but for almost all engineering related courses, the aforementioned countries are your best bet.

We’ve put together a list of top 18 universities in India based on the National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF).

The following 10 universities have been ranked as the top 10 in the world for engineering courses under the QS Rankings 2021.  

Let us now explore the stream of Business and Business Courses after 12th Science. 

This may or may not come across as a shock to most of you, but commerce, business, and arts courses are very much on the table as potential courses to take after 12th Science. Commerce involves the study of trade and business. You will learn the intricacies of business activities from production to delivery, and gain knowledge in the fields of accountancy, economics, business administration, and business studies. The world as we know it runs and depends on multiple businesses, so this stream is definitely worthy to take up after 12th Science. Students from any Science stream can take up Commerce and Business Courses. 

Unlike the specific streams of engineering and science, business and commerce courses (art as well), do not have a nation-wide exam for the entire stream of commerce and business. What students will have to do is write the required entrance exam for the particular specialization they have chosen and work in accordance to that. For example, to get started on the path to Chartered Accountancy, a student will need to learn, prepare for, and write the CA Common Proficiency Test (CPT). The CPT isn’t required for pursuing a BBA or B.Com in most universities you may want to study at.

B.Com Bachelor of Commerce :

 B.Com involves the study of business principles as well as the study of core commerce subjects such as economics, taxation, accountancy, finance, and business studies. Within B.Com, there are further specializations such as B.Com Accounting and Finance, B.Com Banking and Insurance, and B.Com Financial Markets. 

Duration: 3 years

Fees: ~ INR 40k – 1.5 lakhs.

Top Universities in India: 

• Shri Ram College of Commerce, Delhi 

• Lady Shri Ram College for Women, Delhi

• Loyola College, Chennai

• Christ University, Bangalore

• BHU Varanasi 

• Chandigarh University

B.E Bachelor of Economics :

 Economics is the study of the production, consumption and distribution of wealth and resources. This is a good path for those students wanting to Finance, Banking, and Corporates. BE graduates can also get into trading, securities, and financial analysis. Economics is also part of the Humanities Stream and is a treasure trove of knowledge when it comes to commerce and business. 

Duration: 3 years

Fees: ~INR 50k to 1.5 lakhs. 

Top Universities in India: 

• Shri Ram College of Commerce, Delhi
• Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi 
• St Xavier’s College, Kolkata 
• St Stephen’s College, Delhi
• Loyola College, Chennai 
• Christ University, Bangalore 
• Madras Christian College, Chennai 

B.B.A Bachelor of Business Administration:

 A BBA is one of the most popular courses to opt for in the commerce and business stream. It provides an intricate knowledge of the business operations of a company, business management and administration. A BBA is also integral for those seeking to become business leaders, entrepreneurs, and managers. There are various specializations within the BBA which cover various aspects of a business. The main specializations include:

• Finance 

• Marketing 

• Human Resources 

• Operations 

• Entrepreneurship 

• Tourism 

• International Business – One of the most popular specializations within the BBA sub-stream, the BBA IB degree helps develops a student develop an understanding of foreign trade. It also covers the classic aspects of a BBA degree, most of which are mentioned above. For those looking to join MNCs, a BBA IB degree is worth its weight in gold. 

Duration: 3 years 

Fees: ~INR 60k – 5 lakhs.  

Top Universities in India: 

• NMIMS, Mumbai 
• Christ University, Bangalore 
• Loyola College, Chennai
• Amity University, Noida 
• Mount Carmel College, Bangalore 
• IIM Indore 
• IIM Rohtak 
• Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies, Delhi
• Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Pune 

C.A Chartered Accountancy:

 Chartered Accountants are experts and professionals in auditing a company’s accounts, taxation, financial reporting, economic planning, and capital management. CAs are also eligible advisers for the stock market and financial advice. Here are the 4 specializations within CA: 

• Financial Accounting and Auditing 

• Taxation 

• Management Accounting 

• Applied Finance 

The path to obtaining a CA degree is not the same as your typical UG degree. Quickly put, a student clears their Common Proficiency Test first, then their Intermediary Course. After their Inter, they complete 3 years of articleship under a firm, where they gain practical experience and tons of knowledge in the field. Finally, they write their CA Final Exam, the clearance of which makes them a Chartered Accountant. Most students pursue a B.Com degree alongside their CPT and CA Inter, so that they have a degree to fall back on should their CA Final prove uncrackable. Some students choose to pursue only the CA degree. Either way, the benefits are worth it. 

The scope of commerce and business courses after 12th Science is vast to say the least. Accounting, Banking, Investments, Insurance, Entrepreneurship, Management, Marketing, Foreign Trade, Business Consultancy etc., are some of the fields that commerce and business graduates can find work in. They can either work in the public sector or the private sector, the latter of which involves working with corporates and MNCs.  

Note: The scope, quality of education, and salary potential of whichever degree you choose to pursue within the field of commerce and business will vary widely depending on the country you are studying the degree in, your education level (Master’s and PhD over UG), your specialization itself, and your level of commitment to the same. We cannot stress this enough. This remains true for most of the degrees in this article. 

Let us look at the average salaries for some of the top jobs after a UG degree in the Commerce and Business Stream. Note that average salaries for many of the following jobs are much higher abroad than in our country. Also note that pursuing a Master’s degree in these fields after your UG can brighten your prospects everywhere. 

Other notable universities include the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and UIT The Arctic University of Norway.

• USA
• New Zealand
• Australia 
• UK
• Singapore 
• Canada
• Switzerland 

There are other countries where you can thrive depending on your chosen field and passion, but for almost all commerce and business-related courses, the aforementioned countries are your best bet.

The following 10 universities have been ranked as the top 10 in the world for commerce and business courses under the QS Rankings 2021.  

Let us now explore the stream of Arts and Humanities Courses after 12th Science. 

Gone are the days when arts and humanities courses held no scope in the minds of concerned parents. In this article, we’ve provided an overview of almost every stream we’ve covered. To do so for Arts and Humanities would simply be impossible, for the variety, complexity, and depth of the fields within the Arts and Humanities stream. The fields range from Economics to Media Studies to Psychology to Languages. Of course, we also have Actual Art courses. Without this stream, would we have books, movies, and music to fall back on during troubled times? Would we have dedicated economists, media professionals, psychologists, lawyers, and historians? It is also possible to pursue an arts degree for your UG and then utilize these skills for your master’s and your career. Simply put, Humanities and Arts Courses involve the study of various aspects of human society and culture. 

B.A Economics:

 Economics is the study of the production, consumption and distribution of wealth and resources. This is a good path for those students wanting to Finance, Banking, and Corporates. BE graduates can also get into trading, securities, and financial analysis. Economics is also part of the Humanities Stream and is a treasure trove of knowledge when it comes to commerce and business. 

Duration: 3 years

Fees: ~INR 50k to 1.5 lakhs. 

Top Universities in India: 

• Shri Ram College of Commerce, Delhi
• Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi 
• St Xavier’s College, Kolkata 
• St Stephen’s College, Delhi
• Loyola College, Chennai 
• Christ University, Bangalore 
• Madras Christian College, Chennai 

B.A/B.Sc Psychology:

 Psychology involves the study of the human mind, emotions, and behaviour. Graduates go on to become psychologists and therapists. 

Duration: 3 years 

Fees: ~INR 50k to 1 lakh. 

Top Universities in India: 

• Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi
• Christ University, Bangalore 
• Tata Institute of Social Sciences, 
• St. Xavier’s, Mumbai 
• Fergusson College, Pune 
• Jai Hind College, Mumbai 

B.A Media Studies and Communication:

 This course involves the study of various aspects of media and mass communication ranging from journalism, social media, new media, film studies, and critical media studies. It also includes marketing, advertising, corporate communications, and public relations.  

Duration: 3 years

Fees: ~50k to 1 lakh

Top Universities in India: 

• Indian Institute of Mass Communication 
• Asian College of Journalism
• Christ University, Bangalore
• Symbiosis Institute of Media and Communication, Pune
• Jamia Milia Islamia Central University, Delhi
• Xavier Institute of Communications 
• Indian Institute of Journalism and New Media 
• Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi

B.A LLB Law:

 Legal Studies and Law involves the deep study of law and legal systems within our country, including the social, economic and political aspects of the same. Lawyers are required to uphold the law, and can practice either in the private (corporates and businesses) or public sector (advocates, judges).

Duration: 5 years

Fees: ~INR 1.5 – 5 lakhs

Top Universities in India: 

• National Law School of India University, Bangalore 
• National Law University, Delhi
• Symbiosis Law School, Pune
• Jindal Global Law School
• West Bengal National University of Juridicial Sciences, Kolkata
• Jamia Islamia University
• National Law University, Jodhpur

B.A Sociology:

 Sociology is the study of human social relationships, society and societal institutions. Students will study race, crime, social class, religion, social and cultural structures, gender, and conflict. 

Duration: 3 years

Fees: ~INR 40k to 2 lakhs

Top Universities in India: 

• Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi 
• Ambedkar University 
• South Asian University 
• Delhi School of Economics 
• University of Hyderabad 
• Loyola College, Chennai
• Christ University, Bangalore 
• Jamia Islamia University 

B.A Design:

 Design combines both creativity and technology. Both an art and a science, design involves various areas of study such as graphic design, studio art, computer programming, modelling, art history, digital production, and more. 

Duration: 3-4 years

Fees: ~INR 40k to 1.5 lakhs

Top Universities in India: 

• National Institute od Design, Ahmedabad 
• Srishti School of Design, Bangalore 
• Industrial Design Centre (IDC) – IIT Bombay
• IDC – IIT Delhi
• Unitedworld Institute of Design, Gandhinagar 
• Symbiosis Centre of Design, Pune

Other courses include – 

• B.A English 

• B.A Political Science 

Arts and Humanities Courses are among the most diverse and complex career paths due to the vast number of choices and prospects available. 

Note: The scope, quality of education, and salary potential of whichever degree you choose to pursue within the field of arts and humanities will vary widely depending on the country you are studying the degree in, your education level (Master’s and PhD over UG), your specialization itself, and your level of commitment to the same. We cannot stress this enough. This remains true for most of the degrees in this article. 

Let us look at the average salaries for some of the top jobs after a UG degree in the Arts and Humanities Stream. Note that average salaries for many of the following jobs are much higher abroad than in our country. Also note that pursuing a Master’s degree in these fields after your UG can brighten your prospects everywhere. The fields range from Economics to Media Studies to Psychology to Languages. Of course, we also have Actual Art courses. Without this stream, would we have books, movies, and music to fall back on during troubled times? Would we have dedicated economists, media professionals, psychologists, lawyers, and historians? It is also possible to pursue an arts degree for your UG and then utilize these skills for your master’s and your career. Simply put, Humanities and Arts Courses involve the study of various aspects of human society and culture. 

• UK 
• USA 
• Canada
• Germany
• Australia 
• Netherlands 
• France 
• Italy 
• Japan

These universities are among the top universities in India for Arts and Humanities Courses after 12th Science. They haven’t been listed in any particular order. 

The following 10 universities have been ranked as the top 10 in the world for arts and humanities courses under the QS Rankings 2021. 

Diploma courses are typically shorter in duration in comparison to degree courses. There are plenty of diploma courses one can opt for after 12th Science. Diploma courses are offered in almost all major universities in any state within our country. 

• Computer Engineering – 3-year course 
• Mechanical Engineering – 3-year course 
• Digital Marketing – ~3-6 months course 
• Nutrition and Diet – 2-year course 
• Nursing – 1-year course
• Information Technology – 1-year course 

So, there we have it. We hope the information provided to you in this article proves to be useful to you. Remember to carefully plan out your path, and don’t be afraid to explore streams. All the best! 

To know more about pursuing your UG abroad, head over to this page! 

Written by Saahil Bhatt

Guided by Pavitra Srinivasan and the Galvanize In-house Experts

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